Visa Inc.

Visa Inc. operates as a payments technology company worldwide. The company facilitates digital payments among consumers, merchants, financial institutions, businesses, strategic partners, and government entities. It operates VisaNet, a transaction processing network that enables authorization, clearing, and settlement of payment transactions. In addition, the company offers card products, platforms, and value-added services. It provides its services under the Visa, Visa Electron, Interlink, VPAY, and PLUS brands. Visa Inc. has a strategic agreement with Ooredoo to provide an enhanced payment experience for Visa cardholders and Ooredoo customers in Qatar. Visa Inc. was founded in 1958 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

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📊 Valuation

Key valuation metrics

EV/EBITDA (TTM)

Enterprise Value, EBITDA and Ratio

EV/EBIT (TTM)

Enterprise Value, EBIT and Ratio

P/E Ratio (TTM)

Market Cap, Net Income and Ratio

P/B Ratio (Quarterly)

Market Cap, Book Value and Ratio

P/TBV - Price to Tangible Book Value (Quarterly)

Market Cap, Tangible Book Value and Ratio

Price / OCF (TTM)

Market Cap, Operating Cash Flow and Ratio

📈 Growth

Revenue, earnings, and per-share growth metrics

Revenue (Quarterly)

Quarterly Revenue

Net Income (Quarterly)

Quarterly Net Income

EPS (Quarterly)

Earnings Per Share

FCF/Share (Quarterly)

Free Cash Flow Per Share

BVPS Growth YoY

(BVPS_current / BVPS_1y_ago) - 1

TBVPS Growth YoY

(TBVPS_current / TBVPS_1y_ago) - 1

💰 Profitability

Profit margins and return on equity

Operating Margin (TTM)

Revenue, Operating Income and Operating Margin

Net Profit Margin (TTM)

Revenue, Net Income and Net Profit Margin

ROE (TTM)

Equity, Net Income and Return on Equity

ROA (TTM)

Assets, Net Income and Return on Assets

ROTCE - Return on Tangible Common Equity (TTM)

Net Income, Tangible Common Equity and ROTCE

💵 Cash Quality

Cash flow quality and conversion metrics

OCF/NI Ratio (TTM)

Operating Cash Flow, Net Income and Ratio

OCF-to-Debt - Operating Cash Flow to Debt Ratio (TTM)

Operating Cash Flow, Total Debt and Ratio

OCF-to-Assets - Operating Cash Flow to Assets Ratio (TTM)

Operating Cash Flow, Total Assets and Ratio

🛡️ Leverage & Liquidity

Debt, liquidity, and financial health

Debt/Equity (quarterly)

Total Debt, Total Equity and Debt/Equity Ratio

Altman Z-Score

Financial Distress Prediction Model

Debt-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

Total Debt, Total Assets and Debt-to-Assets Ratio

Liquidity-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

Current Assets, Total Assets and Liquidity-to-Assets Ratio

⚙️ Ops & Cap Efficiency

Asset utilization, working capital, ROIC, and capital efficiency

ROIC (TTM)

NOPAT, Invested Capital and Return on Invested Capital

Asset Turnover (TTM)

Revenue, Total Assets and Turnover Ratio

SG&A/Revenue - SG&A Efficiency (TTM)

SG&A Expenses, Revenue and Ratio

Operating Expense Ratio (TTM)

Operating Expenses, Revenue and Ratio

Cost-to-Income Ratio (TTM)

Operating Expenses, Operating Income and Ratio

Revenue per Employee (Quarterly)

Revenue and Revenue per Employee

🎁 Shareholder Returns

Dividends, share buybacks, dilution, and insider trading activity

Dividend Yield (TTM)

Dividend Per Share, Share Price and Dividend Yield

Buyback Yield (TTM)

Net Buyback and Buyback Yield

TSR - Total Shareholder Return (1Y)

(Price_end + Dividends_TTM) / Price_start - 1

Dividend Growth CAGR (3Y)

(Dividend_end / Dividend_start)^(1/3) - 1

Profit Waterfall Analysis

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Profitability Margins

Operating Income Margini

61.80%

Operating Income = $6.74B

Revenue = $10.90B

Pre-tax Profit Margini

61.70%

Income Before Tax = $6.73B

Revenue = $10.90B

Net Profit Margini

53.69%

Net Income = $5.85B

Revenue = $10.90B

Tax Metrics

Effective Tax Ratei

12.98%

Income Tax Expense = $0.87B

Income Before Tax = $6.73B

Cash Tax Rate (TTM)i

-4.83%

Income Taxes Paid = $-1.19B

Income Before Tax = $24.72B

Financial Sector PPNR Metrics

PPNRi

$-2.36B

PPNR = Net Interest Income + Non-Interest Income - Non-Interest Expense

net interest income: N/A | non interest income: N/A | non interest expense: $2.17B

PPNR Margini

-21.66%

PPNR = $-2.36B

Revenue = $10.90B

PPNR / Avg Assetsi

-2.50%

PPNR ROA = PPNR / Avg Total Assets

ppnr: $-2.36B | avg total assets: $94.35B

Cost Efficiency Metrics

Efficiency Ratioi

19.88%

Non-Interest Expense = $2.17B

Revenue = $10.90B

Cost-to-Incomei

19.88%

Operating Expenses = $2.17B

Revenue = $10.90B

Cost-to-Assetsi

2.30%

Operating Expenses = $2.17B

Avg Total Assets = $94.35B

Operating Leverage Metrics

Operating JAWSi

-57.91%

Revenue Growth = 14.63%

Expense Growth = 72.53%

Operating Margin Expansioni

-3.75pp

Current Operating Margin = 61.80%

Prior Operating Margin = 65.55%

Earnings Quality Metrics

Earnings Qualityi

1.16x

Operating Cash Flow = $6.78B

Net Income = $5.85B

Accruals / Avg Assetsi

-0.98%

Accruals / Avg Assets = (Net Income - OCF) / Avg Total Assets

net income: $5.85B | operating cash flow: $6.78B | avg total assets: $94.35B

Volatility Metrics

PPNR Volatilityi

0.25x

Core Revenue Volatilityi

0.07x

Employee Productivity Metrics

Revenue per Employeei

N/A

Revenue per Employee = Revenue (TTM) / Employee Count

revenue TTM: $41.39B | employee count: N/A

OpEx per Employeei

N/A

OpEx per Employee = Operating Expenses (TTM) / Employee Count

operating expenses TTM: $9.06B | employee count: N/A

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Capital Adequacy

Tangible Common Equity (TCE)i

$-9.32B

Tangible Assets (TA)i

$49.27B

TCE / TA Ratioi

-18.92%

🔴 Risk

TCE = $-9.32B

TA = $49.27B

Leverage

Equity / Assets (E/A)i

40.05%

Total Equity = $38.78B

Total Assets = $96.81B

Assets / Equity (A/E)i

2.50x

Total Assets = $96.81B

Total Equity = $38.78B

Capital Quality

(Goodwill + Intangibles) / Equityi

122.62%

🔴 Risk

GW+Intangibles = $47.55B

Total Equity = $38.78B

Liquidity

Liquidity Buffer (HQLA proxy)i

16.94%

✅ Healthy

Cash+ST Inv = $16.40B

Total Assets = $96.81B

Funding Structure

Wholesale Funding Ratio (Core)i

36.49%

⚠️ Warning

ST+LT Debt = $21.18B

Total Liabilities = $58.04B

Securities / Assetsi

2.19%

✅ Healthy

ST+LT Inv = $2.13B

Total Assets = $96.81B

Risk-Adjusted

ATCE / TAi

0.00%

TCE ATCE = N/A

TA = $49.27B

ATCE Scissor Spreadi

-1892 bps

✅ Healthy

TCE/TA = -1892.00%

ATCE/TA = N/A

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Cash Flow Waterfall Chart

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Inflow

Outflow

Subtotal

Start/End

Cash Generation Capability

Earnings Cash Contenti

1.18x

TTM Operating Cash Flow = $24.44B

TTM Net Income = $20.79B

Cash Flow ROA (CFROA)i

24.89%

TTM Operating Cash Flow = $24.44B

Average Total Assets = $98.22B

Liquidity / Solvency

Cash Flow Adequacyi

2.40x

TTM Operating Cash Flow = $24.44B

CapEx + 债务偿还 + 分红 CapEx + Debt Repayment + Dividends = $10.20B

OCF / Short-Term Debti

15.38x

TTM Operating Cash Flow = $24.44B

Short-Term Debt = $1.59B

Sustainability / Stability

OCF Growth Rate (YoY)i

25.65%

Current Quarter OCF = $6.78B

Same Quarter Last Year OCF = $5.40B

OCF Volatility (CV)i

0.20x

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📊 Valuation

Key valuation metrics

EV/EBITDA (TTM)

Enterprise Value, EBITDA and Ratio

EV/EBIT (TTM)

Enterprise Value, EBIT and Ratio

P/E Ratio (TTM)

Market Cap, Net Income and Ratio

P/B Ratio (Quarterly)

Market Cap, Book Value and Ratio

P/TBV - Price to Tangible Book Value (Quarterly)

Market Cap, Tangible Book Value and Ratio

Price / OCF (TTM)

Market Cap, Operating Cash Flow and Ratio

📈 Growth

Revenue, earnings, and per-share growth metrics

Revenue (Quarterly)

Quarterly Revenue

Net Income (Quarterly)

Quarterly Net Income

EPS (Quarterly)

Earnings Per Share

FCF/Share (Quarterly)

Free Cash Flow Per Share

BVPS Growth YoY

(BVPS_current / BVPS_1y_ago) - 1

TBVPS Growth YoY

(TBVPS_current / TBVPS_1y_ago) - 1

💰 Profitability

Profit margins and return on equity

Operating Margin (TTM)

Revenue, Operating Income and Operating Margin

Net Profit Margin (TTM)

Revenue, Net Income and Net Profit Margin

ROE (TTM)

Equity, Net Income and Return on Equity

ROA (TTM)

Assets, Net Income and Return on Assets

ROTCE - Return on Tangible Common Equity (TTM)

Net Income, Tangible Common Equity and ROTCE

💵 Cash Quality

Cash flow quality and conversion metrics

OCF/NI Ratio (TTM)

Operating Cash Flow, Net Income and Ratio

OCF-to-Debt - Operating Cash Flow to Debt Ratio (TTM)

Operating Cash Flow, Total Debt and Ratio

OCF-to-Assets - Operating Cash Flow to Assets Ratio (TTM)

Operating Cash Flow, Total Assets and Ratio

🛡️ Leverage & Liquidity

Debt, liquidity, and financial health

Debt/Equity (quarterly)

Total Debt, Total Equity and Debt/Equity Ratio

Altman Z-Score

Financial Distress Prediction Model

Debt-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

Total Debt, Total Assets and Debt-to-Assets Ratio

Liquidity-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

Current Assets, Total Assets and Liquidity-to-Assets Ratio

⚙️ Ops & Cap Efficiency

Asset utilization, working capital, ROIC, and capital efficiency

ROIC (TTM)

NOPAT, Invested Capital and Return on Invested Capital

Asset Turnover (TTM)

Revenue, Total Assets and Turnover Ratio

SG&A/Revenue - SG&A Efficiency (TTM)

SG&A Expenses, Revenue and Ratio

Operating Expense Ratio (TTM)

Operating Expenses, Revenue and Ratio

Cost-to-Income Ratio (TTM)

Operating Expenses, Operating Income and Ratio

Revenue per Employee (Quarterly)

Revenue and Revenue per Employee

🎁 Shareholder Returns

Dividends, share buybacks, dilution, and insider trading activity

Dividend Yield (TTM)

Dividend Per Share, Share Price and Dividend Yield

Buyback Yield (TTM)

Net Buyback and Buyback Yield

TSR - Total Shareholder Return (1Y)

(Price_end + Dividends_TTM) / Price_start - 1

Dividend Growth CAGR (3Y)

(Dividend_end / Dividend_start)^(1/3) - 1

Profitability Margins

Operating Income Margini

61.80%

Operating Income = $6.74B

Revenue = $10.90B

Pre-tax Profit Margini

61.70%

Income Before Tax = $6.73B

Revenue = $10.90B

Net Profit Margini

53.69%

Net Income = $5.85B

Revenue = $10.90B

Tax Metrics

Effective Tax Ratei

12.98%

Income Tax Expense = $0.87B

Income Before Tax = $6.73B

Cash Tax Rate (TTM)i

-4.83%

Income Taxes Paid = $-1.19B

Income Before Tax = $24.72B

Financial Sector PPNR Metrics

PPNRi

$-2.36B

PPNR = Net Interest Income + Non-Interest Income - Non-Interest Expense

net interest income: N/A | non interest income: N/A | non interest expense: $2.17B

PPNR Margini

-21.66%

PPNR = $-2.36B

Revenue = $10.90B

PPNR / Avg Assetsi

-2.50%

PPNR ROA = PPNR / Avg Total Assets

ppnr: $-2.36B | avg total assets: $94.35B

Cost Efficiency Metrics

Efficiency Ratioi

19.88%

Non-Interest Expense = $2.17B

Revenue = $10.90B

Cost-to-Incomei

19.88%

Operating Expenses = $2.17B

Revenue = $10.90B

Cost-to-Assetsi

2.30%

Operating Expenses = $2.17B

Avg Total Assets = $94.35B

Operating Leverage Metrics

Operating JAWSi

-57.91%

Revenue Growth = 14.63%

Expense Growth = 72.53%

Operating Margin Expansioni

-3.75pp

Current Operating Margin = 61.80%

Prior Operating Margin = 65.55%

Earnings Quality Metrics

Earnings Qualityi

1.16x

Operating Cash Flow = $6.78B

Net Income = $5.85B

Accruals / Avg Assetsi

-0.98%

Accruals / Avg Assets = (Net Income - OCF) / Avg Total Assets

net income: $5.85B | operating cash flow: $6.78B | avg total assets: $94.35B

Volatility Metrics

PPNR Volatilityi

0.25x

Core Revenue Volatilityi

0.07x

Employee Productivity Metrics

Revenue per Employeei

N/A

Revenue per Employee = Revenue (TTM) / Employee Count

revenue TTM: $41.39B | employee count: N/A

OpEx per Employeei

N/A

OpEx per Employee = Operating Expenses (TTM) / Employee Count

operating expenses TTM: $9.06B | employee count: N/A

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Visa Inc.

🔍 Business Model Analysis (DuPont Model)

Financial Metrics

📊 Valuation

EV/EBITDA (TTM)

EV/EBIT (TTM)

P/E Ratio (TTM)

P/B Ratio (Quarterly)

P/TBV - Price to Tangible Book Value (Quarterly)

Price / OCF (TTM)

📈 Growth

Revenue (Quarterly)

Net Income (Quarterly)

EPS (Quarterly)

FCF/Share (Quarterly)

BVPS Growth YoY

TBVPS Growth YoY

💰 Profitability

Operating Margin (TTM)

Net Profit Margin (TTM)

ROE (TTM)

ROA (TTM)

ROTCE - Return on Tangible Common Equity (TTM)

💵 Cash Quality

OCF/NI Ratio (TTM)

OCF-to-Debt - Operating Cash Flow to Debt Ratio (TTM)

OCF-to-Assets - Operating Cash Flow to Assets Ratio (TTM)

🛡️ Leverage & Liquidity

Debt/Equity (quarterly)

Altman Z-Score

Debt-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

Liquidity-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

⚙️ Ops & Cap Efficiency

ROIC (TTM)

Asset Turnover (TTM)

SG&A/Revenue - SG&A Efficiency (TTM)

Operating Expense Ratio (TTM)

Cost-to-Income Ratio (TTM)

Revenue per Employee (Quarterly)

🎁 Shareholder Returns

Dividend Yield (TTM)

Buyback Yield (TTM)

TSR - Total Shareholder Return (1Y)

Dividend Growth CAGR (3Y)

Income Statement Analysis

Profit Waterfall Analysis

Balance Sheet Analysis

Cash Flow Statement Analysis

📊 Valuation

EV/EBITDA (TTM)

EV/EBIT (TTM)

P/E Ratio (TTM)

P/B Ratio (Quarterly)

P/TBV - Price to Tangible Book Value (Quarterly)

Price / OCF (TTM)

📈 Growth

Revenue (Quarterly)

Net Income (Quarterly)

EPS (Quarterly)

FCF/Share (Quarterly)

BVPS Growth YoY

TBVPS Growth YoY

💰 Profitability

Operating Margin (TTM)

Net Profit Margin (TTM)

ROE (TTM)

ROA (TTM)

ROTCE - Return on Tangible Common Equity (TTM)

💵 Cash Quality

OCF/NI Ratio (TTM)

OCF-to-Debt - Operating Cash Flow to Debt Ratio (TTM)

OCF-to-Assets - Operating Cash Flow to Assets Ratio (TTM)

🛡️ Leverage & Liquidity

Debt/Equity (quarterly)

Altman Z-Score

Debt-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

Liquidity-to-Assets Ratio (MRQ)

⚙️ Ops & Cap Efficiency

ROIC (TTM)